Characteristics of LGS Construction
Today, LGS properties are utilized not only as a cladding system, but also as a complete building solution, replacing bricks and blocks with thin, galvanized steel profiles fastened together into frames to form both load-bearing and non-load-bearing walls—external (facade) and internal partition walls.
The most common sections are C-profiles. These typically range in size from 40 to 225 mm, with thicknesses between 0.56 mm and 3.2 mm, depending on whether they are used in external or internal applications, and whether the elements are load-bearing or non-load-bearing. The steel used is galvanized, providing a protective coating for internal applications, typically with a standard G275 coating (275 g/m²).
The entire LGS structure is enclosed with protective layers, forming what is known as a “warm frame structure” or prefabricated wall, floor, and roof panels. These are created by incorporating insulation and vapor barriers that enclose the LGS frames. This “warm panel” system enables buildings to achieve excellent thermal performance, exceeding minimum U-value requirements defined by building regulations. Structural design is carried out in accordance with light steel design standards such as BS 5950, Part 5, while the European design framework is defined by Eurocode 3, Part 1.3. These standards provide a comprehensive set of technical rules for designing buildings using this construction method.
LGS offers one of the best strength-to-weight ratios among all construction materials. For example, approximately six tonnes of steel can achieve performance comparable to 120 tonnes of concrete (SCI, 2007). As a result of its low weight, and depending on ground conditions, foundation requirements can be significantly reduced.
The prefabricated construction model using LGS that we apply is based on off-site manufacturing (the “closed panel method”)—the production of fully formed walls, floors, and roof elements in controlled factory conditions, followed by delivery and on-site assembly. This significantly increases construction speed. Factory production ensures a high standard of quality, with precision tolerances typically ranging from +0 to -2 mm.
It has been established that LGS buildings constructed using off-site manufacturing (OSM) are more cost-effective than traditional brick-and-block methods, as well as other MMC systems, including timber frame construction and insulated concrete formwork. This approach can also be described as the SmartLIFE project concept, as it represents an optimized method for delivering a greater number of sustainable, affordable, and high-quality homes in less time, combining both traditional and innovative construction techniques.
Compared to other MMC systems, LGS allows a high degree of design flexibility. Interior spaces can be easily reconfigured by relocating non-load-bearing walls, without the need for demolition, unlike many other construction methods. Additionally, LGS components can be dismantled, reused, or recycled—unlike, for example, insulated concrete formwork systems.
Compared to timber construction in prefabricated housing, galvanized LGS profiles are significantly more durable and resistant. The ability to be reused and recycled indefinitely without degradation of material properties distinguishes LGS from other construction methods. Unlike traditional construction, LGS benefits from minimal waste, adaptability, off-site production, reusability, recyclability, and resource efficiency, making it one of the most sustainable construction methods available.
Buildings constructed using this method are lightweight, open, and highly adaptable, meaning that existing structures do not necessarily need to be demolished when they become outdated. Instead, interiors can be reconfigured to meet new user requirements, thereby extending the building’s lifecycle. LGS systems are most commonly used for low-rise and single- to two-storey buildings; however, when combined with other construction methods and proper structural design, they can also be applied in medium- and high-rise construction.